Short presentation of the Vidin District
It is located in the most north western part of Republic of Bulgaria. It borders Republic of Romania by the Danube and by land - Republic of Serbia, Monte Negro and district Montana. The territory of the district is 3.034 km2.
The centre town of Vidin is on the bank of the river Danube. The town is a river port and an important rail way and road junction (the shortest road passes here from West Europe to Bulgaria). Vidin can be reached by train, car boat and ferry-boat (from the Romanian town Calafat).
During this time, begins the construction of a bridge over the Danube between Vidin and Calafat, this being a part from the European Corridor No. 4.
The District Vidin comprises eleven municipalities: Belogradchik, Boynitsa, Bregovo, Vidin, Gramada, Dimovo, Kula, Makresh, Novo Selo, Ruzintsi and Chuprene. Some of them have been populated since antique or even earlier times: Belogradchik, Vidin, Kula. Here there should be added because of their location Bregovo and Novo Selo. Most of the names of the municipal centers could be found in old Turkish documents from 1450 to 1560, which makes their existance in the ages of the Second Bulgarian Kingdom real.
Short history of municipal namings
Here, we give information about famous old names and the meaning of their modern names: Belogradchik: ancient names known - Belgrad meaning white town (in Bulgarian "bel grad"); Boynitsa: ancient names known - Boyniche, Boynica coming from the personal name Boyno or Bohyo; Bregovo: ancient names known - Bregova coming from bank (in Bulgarian "breg"); Vidin: ancient names known - Ad Malum, Bononia, Badin, Bdin, Vidin; Bononia meaning strong fortress; Gramada: ancient names known (Mezdra) Gramada; means cairn; Dimovo: ancient names known - Barzitsa, Osmanie, Aleksandrovo, Vlaykowo, Knyaz Aleksandrovo all coming from personal names; Kula: ancient names known - Kastra Martis, Adlie - coming from stone built strong tower (in Bulgarian "kula"); Makresh means wet; Novo Selo: ancient names known Novosel, Mostishte, meaning new village; Ruzintsi: ancient names known - Ruzinche, coming from female name Ruza; Chuprene: ancient names known - Chupren, Chupryan, probably from changed personal name Kuprian.
Cultural and historical inheritance
There are 100 national tourist objectives in Bulgaria - three of them are in Vidin District.
Belogradchik: it stands 52 km South -West from Vidin and is 520 meters above sea level. The famous Belogradchik rocks surround the town and make it very charming. It is an ancient settlement, grown over the ruins of a Roman castle and has existed even in Middle Ages. To the south of the town there is the Belogradchik fortress. There, in the highest part (the citadel) signs of Roman and Middle Ages construction were found. Its final vision the fortress gets in the period 1805-1837. It consists of three parts (two of them - new built). Its total area is 10 211 square meters. Two hundred meters to west of the "Gornoto Kale" (the upper fortress) is the so cold "Latin Kale". Belogradchik rocks cover an area of 30 km long and 3 km wide. They are the most famous nature sight in Bulgaria. Most of them are people, or animal, or castles, or mushrooms, or obelisk, or boat like formed. They are 200 meters high. Together with the fortress they are among the hundred National Tourist Objectives. The oldest preserved building in the town is the mosque "Hadza Hyusein" (1751). There are also preserved "Panovata Kashta" (Pano’s house-1810) - the Historical Museum is arranged in it; the church "Sveti Georgi" (1868). The town played significant role in the large-scaled uprising of the peasants from North Western Bulgaria against Osman Turks.
Not far from Belogradchik there are 30 caves.
The Rabisha cave "Magura" is one of them. It is northwest to Belogradchik and south-west to Rabisha. It is one of the biggest cave in the country. It is 1750 meters long, and together with the branches - over 2500 meters. The cave entrance stays 370 m above sea level and the exit is at the Rabisha lake. The cave is rich in stalactites, stalagmites and stalactons, has many halls, some of which are huge. The cave has been inhabited since the Bronze Ages (third millennium before BC) and in the early Iron Ages (12-9 before BC). Traces of dwellings, various labor weapons, ornaments were found. There are guano paintings in the cave, the Gallery with the paintings is 300 meters long by axis. It is amongst the Hundred national Tourist Objectives and together with a forest area of 71 ha has been approved for a nature sight. In one of the cave branches champagne and wine is produced.
Vidin: preserved parts of fortress walls of Bononia (Roman fortified military camp I-VI c.) were found. This has been the "Limes" - border of Roman Empire, later became the second important town of Bank Dacha Province. The town is included in the territory of Danube Bulgaria from the very beginning of its existence (680-681), but most probably from the first half of IX Century it became the district center. For some time Samuil, later in 997 - 1014 a king of Bulgaria, has been the Vidin Governor. The town has been conquered by the Byzantine Emperor Vasilii II in 1002 after an eight months siege.
In the time of the Second Bulgarian Kingdom the town has been again the centre of a district comprising a bigger part of the north western Bulgarian lands of today. The feudal internecine wars that appeared after the death of king Ivan Asen II and the interference of external interests (Hungarian Kingdom, the Tartars of the "Golden Horde") gave opportunities for independent policy to the local governors - first as a principality of the second half of XII c., and in the second half of XIV c. - as a kingdom. Actually the Bdin Kingdom of Tzar Ivan Sratsimir was the last Bulgarian territory that fell under the Turks in 1397.
In Vidin, there is the middle ages Bulgarian castle "Baba Vida" (X-XIV c.) which has been the residence of Shishman - the founder of the last Bulgarian kings dynasty - and his sons among whom there has been Tzar Ivan Sratsimir. The castle has two surrounding walls, one interior and two external yards. It takes place of 2.5 acres. The basic construction is connected with the Second Bulgarian Kingdom’s epoch (XII-XIV c.). It has been adopted for fire weapons (XVII-XIX c.). There have been eleven towers on its walls. The Castle is surrounded by a moat. It is a monument of culture of national importance and is one of the Hundred National Tourist Objects of Bulgaria. A small museum collection is arranged inside, and later some other tourist attractions. It is used sometimes for movie scenery, theatre performance, concerts etc.
In XV-XIX c. the town became a centre of district and Vilayet of the Ottoman empire including the lands of the previous Bdin (Vidin) Kingdom. It has been the most developed commercial centre of the Down Danube lands of Ottoman Empire in XVXVII c. Two churches from XVII c. have survived - "St. Pantaleimon" (announced a National Art Monument) and "St. Petka" (a monument of culture of local impor tance). Gradually the town has lost its economic importance on the account of the increase of its military significance. For a period of thirty years (1690 - 1720) the Vidin Cale (city surrounding walls) has been built around the fortress. On the river side the wall is double, and the other sides - single. A moat has been excavated around the walls.
The city could be entered through nine gates ("kapii"). Some of them are preserved nowadays - on north south direction: "Florentin", "Enichar", "Pazar", "Stambol" by land; "Top", "Sarai" and "Telegraf" - by the river side. The "Kale" together with the gates are monuments of culture with national importance.
The administrative building "Konak" dates since the middle of the 17 century. Here there has been the seat of Vidin municipality after 1878. In present, an exposition of the Historical Museum - Vidin is placed there. It covers the period from ancient times to 1878.
In the period 1793 to 1807, Osman Pazvantooglu was the Vidin Governor. Three buildings have been kept from this time: the Mosque and the Library of Pazvantooglu (both are monuments of culture).
Another monument of culture with local importance is the building for barracks, a cross shaped building called "Krastata kazarma". A regional ethnographical exposition is in it.
In the second half of the nineteenth century Vidin and Vidin Region define the aspect of national liberation fights. The most large-scaled upraise is the one of the peasants from north western parts of Bulgaria in 1850 with 17 000 participants. The struggle for independence from Greece church succeeded in 1868. The Vidin Bishop Antim was elected for the first Bulgarian exarch in 1872.
Vidin was emancipated from Ottoman Empire in the period 25th March to 6th April 1878. There are monuments of culture built after the liberation. Those are the Synagogue (1894), the Church "St. Velikomachenik Dimitri" (1923) and Vidin Bishop’s Residence (1924) - (of national importance), the <>bMunicipal Theatre Building (1891 - first building after the liberation), the Art Gallery "Nikola Petrov" (of local importance) so as many other sights.
Kula - the town is 32 km north-west far from Vidin. There are remains from preroman Thracian settlement. In the center of the town stay remains of walls and towers of the Rome castle Kastra Martis (3-4c.). The church "St. Peter and Pavel" (1858) is found here too.
Makresh: the village Rakovitsa, 44 km far from Vidin is in this minicipality. Under the mountain pick "Chernoglav", 5 km north west to Rakovitsa is placed the Monastery "Rakovishki". It has come into being in the X - XI c., in the XIV century it became a centre of literary and spirit activities of Vidin Kingdom.
The old Monastery church "St. Troitsa" is cross-shaped type. The monastery decays during Ottoman rule. Its recreation is connected with the name of icon painter from Sveta Gora Pimen Sofiiski (XVII c.), but the monastery has been invaded and fired several times in XVIII-XIX c. Only the old monastery church has survived. At the beginning of the 19 century a small entrance to the church has been built, and in 1825 the church was strengthen and wall-painted. According to church donors notice Krasto Zahariev and Teodosii Konstantinovich with their students have painted the church. The monastery appears one of the educational centers in the region. In has been involved in the preparation of the North west Upraising in 1850.
In memory of the perished rebellions a new church "St. Troitsa" has been built. It has been announced a monument of culture.
Chuprene: the village of Varbovo is in this municipality. In this village there is a single apse basilica called "St. Ivan Krastitel" whose architecture hasn’t been surveyed. Its wall-paintings could be considered to be from the XV-XVI c. It has been announced for a national art monument.
The state game-breeding station "Midzhur" is located in the north western Bulgaria on an area of 19500 hectares, covering some parts from Stara-planina and the Danube plain. The area has a varied altitude (from 45 up to 2168 m), which forms various forests’ vegetation. The broadleaved species are dominating - beech-tree, oak-tree, but considerable area is covered by coniferous trees - white pine-tree, black pine-tree, spruce. The hunting fauna includes red deer, stag of a follow deer, wild boar, roe, wild cat and a fox. The data shows a continuous augmentation of the number of the game populations and improvement the quality of the trophies. The game-breeding station disposes of the following shooting lodges:
"Stakevtsi" Shooting lodge disposes of one apartment and five rooms with two beds and bathroom. A roomy canteen, a guest room and a fireplace with central heating conduce to the cosy atmosphere of the lodge.
"Yazovo" shooting-box disposes of two one-bed rooms and two 2-bed rooms.
"Rayanovtsi" shooting shelter disposes of one bed room and bathroom. The station offers additional tourist services: photohunting, eco-tourism, cave tourism, tasting of wines and brandies of higher quality "Magura". Just next to the station are located significant (in international aspect) tourist sites: Belogradchik rocks, "Magura" cave with prehistoric rock drawings, Medieval fortification - Belogradchik, Medieval fortress "Baba Vida" and museums.
The Chuprene game-breeding station is situated on 180 km. away from the capital - Sofia, connected by a fast and convenient transport connection.



